CCT333

CCT333 Responses Weeks in order toc

Week 1
//Describe Jonathan Ives and his theory of 'undesign' in relation to his work at Macintosh.//

Johnathan Ives is an English designer and senior Vice-President of Industrial Design of Apple Products. he has been working with apple since 1992. His theory of "undesign" is based on the idea of design and that there should be a lot of time based on designing fixtures and process. It is important in a product to show what is or isn't important. buttons should all rely on what is important instead of what doesn't really mean anything. This helps to avoid problems and confusion with the product. In terms of the design for apple products, the simplicity of the product helps users learn fast. Also the fun colours and funky design is appealing to the eye. He has designed the ipad, ipod, Mac computer and Mac book to name a few.

Week 2
//1. Which product interests you the most, and why? (200 words)//

The product "Life Straw" Interests me the most because it allows children, Men and Woman from third-world countries to transform any surface water into purified water by simply filling the small vile. This innovations can provide millions with safe drinking water and the comfort to know that any water can be safe to drink. The life straw also will provide families with better health conditions because it is save the users from waterborne diseases. The “life Straw” was created in China and Switzerland. It is used in Pakistan, Ghana, Nigeria and Uganda. Each date almost 6,000 people and children die from waterborne diseases and by providing the life straw these people can protect their health and families from these diseases. This saves money for health care and provides communities with safer drinking water. The “life Straw” can be used as a safe way to purify piped water and water on the go. The life straw has already shown a number of improvements. According to the LifeStraw website, in areas where the waterborne disease, diarrhoea is the most dominate has been reduced by 40% because of the LifeStraw.

//2. Which category would interest you to research further for your group project, and why? (100 words)//

The category that would interest me most for my group project would be based on the study of saving natural resources to help the people in developing countries. Similar to the life straw. How a simple product can save people from life threatening diseases. People in America and Developed countries can help people in need by creating a simple tool. I would like to look into campaigns that are designed to improve the health of those in these countries.

Week 3
//1. Describe Jan Chipchase's prior job (he now works at frog design []) in relation to his work at Nokia. What are the two names he is given in the article? (3 paragraphs)//

Jan Chipchase's job at Nokia for the past seven years is as a "human behaviour analyst" in Finland. His job entails the study of how cell phones from Nokia effect and are used within other countries around the world. He is not simply going to foreign countries to sell or market the product. He enters the countries to analyze how people are using the phones and how it effects their lives. The use of the phones for people who are illiterate and the use of how people interact with a cell phone. This information he returns to the company to help for innovation, marketing and design purposes.

Throughout his studies and ventures around the globe, ChipChase has discovered how cell phones have created a sense of fixed identity for these people. The cell phone because a part of their identity, similar to an address, location or style. The cell phone number these people use as a way to be contacted once they are not found, the phone number attaches to their name.

Another excellent discovery that Chipchase has discovered is how the people use and fix the cell phones. These cellphones have become a new form of social interaction and hobbies. People will take their cellphone to be repaired and also people at the street level will innovate and create a new way of using the product better than before. The people of the streets find new uses for a cell phone which is more advance than use in America with our technology and consuming habits.

//2. “It’s really quite striking,” Hammond says. “What people are voting for with their pocketbooks, as soon as they have more money and even before their basic needs are met, is telecommunications.” (World Resources Institute)// //In the spirit of this quote, describe four instances of how owning a cellphone enables users to better their lives. (4 paragraphs/ one for each instance)//
 * 1) Proximate Literacy- The use of the cell phone helps the users to improve their understanding of technology and how to use the product. These simple objects have the same elements as other phones and electronics. For example, the use of icons, power buttons, volumes signs and keypad as all the same icon thus providing familiarity through newer products to be invented.
 * 2) User Literacy- The user literacy means that once one understands how to use it people in the community can help one another learn about the product and interact to help improve the product.
 * 3) Fixed identity- The phone number because a connection with the user themselves. The phone number displays a relation between the persons location and well-being. If friends cannot find him then call the phone, it is always with him.
 * 4) Street-up innovation- The idea that people will repair and buy the phones from the streets. Also people will innovate and create a new way to use and advance the phones for the user's pleasure.

Week 4
//Write six paragraphs, one on each stage of the 'materials economy', and define its interactions. (6 paragraphs/one stage each paragraph)//
 * 1) Extraction- Extraction means extracting our resources from the planet to benefit our needs and wants such as beauty products or unlimited food sources. The interactions with extractions and the Market Economy is that we are using too much of what we have. People are buying too many products and food thus it is forcing the natural resources to become scarce and limited. For example, in the United States, according to Annie Leonard, there are less than 4% of natural forests left due to extraction. Also majority of the bodies of water are undrinkable due to sewage and contamination.
 * 2) Production- Production is the ability to mix natural resources with man made materials via energy to create the products that we use. This itself causes toxic chemicals to be used everyday by consumers without the knowledge of how these products can effect our health. For example, products such as BFR Brominated Flame Retardants which people spray onto things to make them less likely to catch fire such as appliances, computer and electronics. These products that we place on those items are more toxic than anything. We place them in our homes without the awareness that they are a neurotoxin (poison to our brains).
 * 3) Distribution- The idea to sell the products produced as fast as possible. Low prices and sales to keep distribution flowing. They keep the prices down by paying the workers less. Meanwhile the workers expose themselves to dangerous toxins that are detrimental to their bodies and well being. In the end, we do not pay for the things we buy. The workers and countries that create the products through labour do. This is because the workers get paid less, ruin their natural resources and have health benefits in order for us to pay less for the product in the end.
 * 4) Consumption- The heart of the Materials Economy, people consume the products everyday in order to fulfil their everyday needs. Our need to consume has become a daily occurrence and no one knows another way to live. The live of these products that we consume are in the garbage within six months. This is why products designed today are designed to break and be thrown out because the economy requires us to continue to buy and consume the products. This concept ultimately keeps the economy booming and our government happy.
 * 5) Disposal- The things we buy ultimately get thrown into the garbage. This garbage we haul to the curb every week, it is taken to a garbage site and either dumped in a hole (landfill) or burned in an incinerator. The disposal of these products contaminate our water, land, air and resources. The production is bad enough for the environment although once the products are dumped or burned there are new toxins created that are even more harmful to the environment. Recycling is difficult as well because not all of those products can be recycled because of the design or too many toxins to create new ones. Thus, the recycling is not helping the environment in the end.
 * 6) Another Way- the idea of a new way to produce without harming the environment or people. There are new ways that people can produce and save the environment. The best way for this to occur is by following these types of roles and changes. The ideas such as Renewable Energy, Local living Energy, Green Chemistry and Zero Waste are already in practice.

Week 5

 * 1) //As part of 'Experience Prototyping', bodystorming has been developed as a method of enquiry for interactive design. Research the definition of 'bodystorming', and write three paragraphs describing its characteristics.(3 paragraphs)//

Body storming is a technique used to help develop creativity and interactive design. This method enables the creator to place themselves into someone else's shoes such as blind, deaf, disabled or arthritic. There are three ways for people to perform bodystorming, observe, trying it out and reflection. This type of "brainstorming" is performed through the body. People begin brainstorming by observing. For example for a study based on college classes. The researcher will begin by visiting the college and understanding the campus. The researcher must feel for the surroundings.

A developer will place their bodies into a different state to understand and to find out how one can make their lives easier. They will begin to use props and perform under the same conditions of the environment observed. For this type of study, the observer will place themselves into the college students shoes. They may attend classes, sit in the common areas, do homework and meet other peers.

The reflections of bodystorming is through the collections made through the observing and trying out steps. The reflections of this content helps the experiment move along and understand the concept and environment thoroughly to create a product. This type of brainstorming is effective for developers to fully understand their clients and create something suitable.

2//. With a partner, develop a use-case theatre scenario and describe how you would use bodystorming and video to help you analyze the design of an artifact. This artifact is a medicine bottle for a woman who is 80 years old, arthritic, partially blind and partially deaf, and the system to design is the system whereby she finds and takes her medicine.//

Group Members
 * Timothy Selvarajah
 * Joyce Tam
 * Beth Carroll

Design ideas:
 * Fluorescent colour
 * sound a loud alarm (similar to a ringing or buzzing)
 * press-down lever for easy dispensing. (one pill at a time)
 * The alarm clock to sound to help her take her medicine at the right time
 * daily pills dispensed at times of the day when pills are prescribed
 * clock will be analog

Things to keep in mind:
 * Document a typical day for her
 * her physical condition

Week 6
//Look over examples of her biomimetic principles applied to products in the slideshow located at [] and write a short, one paragraph synopsis for each of your three favourite product designs. Describe why you like the design in your responses.//

__Toxin-Free Glue__

The toxin-free glue is a great product for the health of those who use it. I like this product because it reminds me of super glue but without the toxic smell. The glue can be used underwater safely, toxic free and safe for anyone to use on any surface without damage. This product allows each product and material it is used on to be safe for the environment of the earth and humans.

__High-Speed Train__

This high-speed train is inspired from the kingfisher's beak and the quiet noise of the owl. This is the fastest train travelling 500km an hour at a quiet speed. the shape of the front of the train allows it to move at a fast speed without resistance. This is similar to the kingfisher bird's beak. It also prevents the sonic boom to reduce noise pollution because of it's aerodynamic shape. I like this product because it is designed from nature and allows a peaceful environment regardless of it's high speeds.

__Echolocation__

This device is helpful to the seeing-impaired. It is a walking stick inspired by the echolocation of bats. It allows the person to walk and it sends out sound waves to detect obstacles and street signs through the handle of the stick. This device is easier for visually impaired people to use. I like this device because it is more helpful and effective for blind people to understand their surroundings through hearing.

__Bacteria fighting Seaweed__

After studies about bacteria build up in our bodies and eyes because of antibiotics, scientists have discovered a type of seaweed that prevents the build-up of bacteria naturally. Antibiotics kill bacteria and produce new types of bacteria because of it. This seaweed makes a protective layer that prevents the bacteria from communicating with one another. This type of seaweed inspires the creation of contact lenses to have the same component and prevent bacteria build up. I like this product because I wear contact lenses and this type of technology can prolong my contact use.

Week 7
//Describe how he defines 'design as a collaborative process', and cite two examples of how creators involve the people they want to create for in their work, according to Bill Moggridge's lecture. (1 paragraph each/3 paragraphs)//
 * Bill Moggridge's lecture outlines three main concepts of design. The first concept is how design is changing. Design is no longer based on how the body operate. for example, a chair is no longer designed based on what chair is in the best design for one's back. Design today is based on what people need and prefer. perhaps they like a chair that rocks or spins over one that is designed for your back. There are more needs for people today. The design process has evolved to include all aspects to please the consumer.
 * Involving people with the design process whom you are designing for. This strategy is the best way to understand people's needs and wants. to involve people in the design process shows that there is a connection between the inventor and client. The invention reflects what the people want and like. For example, to have different people together in the study of the red cross experiment shows people that workers care and want the people participating to be comfortable and influence the projects. This connection is important because it proves if the invention works for the client. Participatory design helps to get the project more effective because the more people participating the more ideas that will arise. This includes people involved in the research and the design. Social impact asks for change.
 * The changes in contexts of design today. The design today must go along with the needs of individuals. In this day and age, people like customization. People want their things to be colourful and unique to their personality. For example, the redesign of the cubicle reflects an individuality for the client. This way people can use everyday items with a personalized perspective. People have more of a connection to the products this way.

//Bill Moggridge defines "Collaborative process" as://
 * the collaborative process is to involve the clients with the design that helps to improve social impact. The collaboration he discusses is the idea of design that understands peoples current life and motivating design around these factors. Also through designing an object based on a collaborative process between inventor and the client can produce the perfect product.

//Find an online example of a product which utilizes his principles of collaborative design which it involves people in it design. Cite its URL, and describe its design process in two paragraphs, and how it involved its user(s) in a a paragraph. (3 paragraphs)//

The object I found that displays the collaborative design is Smith and Nephew products. These products reflect an understanding of the human body, needs and mobility because with each product design there is an understanding between the client and the developer. This is why their products are well designed. The design process can be found at this URL :[]

The product I chose is for the wound management for scars and cuts. The Intrasite Gel is used on cuts, burn or wounds that are fresh. the user places the gel over the wound which protects the wound from further infection, cleans the wound from the inside out and prevents scarring. This product is developed through a lot of testing between the client and the developer. It has been tested from various users to prove its effectiveness. This itself proves that the product works and also that it is user-friendly. []

The collaborative process for this company is that they work with their health care professionals with the developers to make the products that best suit their clients. This company also uses a lot of research with the technology of their products with biologists and health care professionals.

Week 8
Describe how Natalie Jeremijenko has based her research on "new technologies are an opportunity for social transformation" to perform "small actions that can amount to a significant effect to improve local environmental health". Tip: Opening up TED's interactive transcript is very helpful to understand her talk and also looking over her web site on the Environmental Health at Clinic at []. (2 paragraphs)
 * Natalie Jeremijenko bases her research on new technologies for a change to the social format of our world. These technologies are the first step toward a cleaner environmental health. Natalie proves this process through her design processes are through non-violent social change. She uses natural ingredients and promotes use of environmentally friendly products. Through reading her website, she influences people to take a more holistic approach to design. For example, one comment discusses that she would like to design medicine that is purely holistic and good for the environment.
 * Most of Natalie's ideas about design are inspired by the idea that things should be created by the environment for the environment. This includes biodegradable packaging and natural materials. For example, She created a design of an infrastructure in New York City that was designed for the bird communities in the city. There was a designated area for the birds to rest and live because the bird population in New York City is so vast. This design helps the bird communities and allows both birds of the city and humans to live harmoniously.

Choose two projects on HowStuffisMade at [] and write about how they are made. (1 paragraph each/2 paragraphs)
 * Jelly bean- Tiny trays are filled with corn starch in the tiny jelly bean shape/ The trays are left over night to harden the core of the jelly bean. The corn starch is shaken off and the beans are placed on a conveyor belt and sprinkled with sugar and sprayed with a chemical for them not to stick together. It takes two hours to create the candy coat for the beans, they are them poured over top of the beans and sprayed with a shiny coat to keep the candy coat intact. The beans are then placed into a filter that will filter out the beans of the perfect shape and get rid of the "bad" beans that do not fit. The beans are then picked out by someone who sees the imperfections. The jelly beans then get stamped with "Jelly Belly". The beans are then jumbled up to produce an assortment of flavours to each bag.
 * White Paper- The raw material, paper pulp, arrives at the paper factory. 99% water and 1% pulp is known as slurry. The slurry is fed through a machine called the Headbox which is part of the fourdriner machines which manufactures the paper automatically. This produces a big spinal of white paper. The paper then sized and cut into the proper size through machines.

Why is it important that we understand how stuff is made as part of our systems analysis and design process? (1 paragraph)
 * It is important to be familiar about how stuff is made because it helps us understand the process of design for the products we use everyday. This helps us have a better appreciation for the processes in which creates what we possess. It also shows us how people interact with these processes. There are not many people involved in the development of jelly beans and white paper because they are produced through machines. Although, the flavours and colours of each is designed by people.

**Week 9**
According to the slideshow by Sylvain Cottong, who is an employee at [|http://www.integratedplace.com], describe the tools and methods of 'service design' (2 paragraphs).
 * The tools and methods of 'service design' is designed to target the need and personality of the customer themselves. Everything that is designed in this process is inspired by the customers wants.
 * **Ethnography:** To develop a product within the environment that it is meant for. This tool helps to be sure the product is designated for the environment and it's purpose.
 * **Customer Journey Map**: how the customer understands the product, how often they use it and how it effects their lives over a timeline.
 * **Service blueprinting:** a collection of qualitative/quantitative information that outline the customers satisfaction and interaction with the product. For example: how this product works or doesn't work for them. This information helps the designers of the product help to innovate the products to better suit the customers.
 * **Ideation:** This is the involvement of the customers with the design of the product itself. This is very similar to collaborative process because it involves the customers and the product to inspire and develop the perfect project.
 * **Service Prototyping**: This is the study of the customer interacts with the product itself to help understand the product from the customer's point of view

From your personal experience, what would be a scenario in which these methods would be useful? (2 paragraphs)
 * From my personal experience working in the service industry, I believe that __Service prototyping__ is the best tool to understand how your product effects your audience. From the position as a waitress, I would personally think of myself as my customers. I am not patient and like my food to be hot therefore I would treat my customers with the same service I would like for myself. By putting yourself into the customers shoes you can serve them with consideration and consistence.

Week 10
Write three paragraphs to define the term 'ergonomics'. (3 paragraphs)
 * Ergonomics is to create equipment and devices that fit the human body, movements and cognitive abilities. Each of these aspects are measured based on the way humans are today based on the mental and physical being.
 * There is an important aspect towards the comfort and simplicity of the products that will be functional without breaking. To have a desk chair that is easy to assemble and to fit comfortable to the body is the better product. The correct height and depth helps to support the way that objects can be customizable to suit the height and size of the client. For example, this can be achieved with adjustable monitors and chairs. The proper lighting, freedom of movement and tailoring to what is important are important aspects to look at when producing a product. Adjustable lamps, chairs that allow you to lean back, laptop stands that can sit on a desk are all products that are designed with ergonomics.
 * Ergonomics design products that help to minimize clutter and discomfort in our daily lives. In the youtube video, the clutter on the desk is simply uncluttered with the proper design such as the access rail that connects to the back of the desk holds the monitor, printer, papers and tower without taking up desk space. These products are designed by us and for us human to perform our best in a comfortable environment.

What is the 'Gilbreth system of motion analysis' (1 paragraph)
 * Gilbreth's system of motion analysis was inspired in 1885 by bricklaying. Gilbreath born in 1869-1924 watched bricklayers bend over pick up the bricks, smear the cement and place the brick then bend down again to get another brick. He found that majority of the time wasted during the day was the time it took to bend-over and pick up bricks. He calls this "waste motion". The waste motion inspired him to create a non scooping platform and one motion grasp platform. This platform was designed for the brick to be at a reachable height and close to the wall. This increased production of bricklaying by 200%. This also was less tiring for the workers.

How was Henry Ford influenced by the efficiency expert, Frederick Taylor? (2 paragraphs)
 * Henry Ford was influence by Frederick Taylor because Taylor showed him that by placing a timer beside his workers, they sped up their pace. This showed him how fast people could work and by calculating everything he discovered, that by splitting up the work of each part, the worker could work faster. He thought of the idea, why not bring the work to the worker instead of wasting time by the worker walking around to get products or supplies. Thus, the creation of the assembly line was born. The assembly line caused mass and fast production. There was way for the workers to make faster or slow down the work process on the assembly line. The more production there was, the more money made and the more the workers were paid.

What are the four basic principles of McDonaldization? (List of 4)
 * 1) Efficiency- The best route to the goal
 * 2) Productivity- The same product at every location
 * 3) Calculability- production is based on quantity over quality
 * 4) Non-human technology- the skills are based on technologies instead of human. No skills required because machines can do it for us.